نشریه دانش انتظامی خراسان جنوبی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 44، بهار 1402)

Poverty has always been an important issue that can be discussed, especially since its importance increased after the Islamic Revolution, so that a large part of people were covered by support institutions and organizations. Currently, unemployment is discussed as a problem in cities, which is considered the cause of lack of development. Unemployment is increasing rapidly in cities today. Poverty and unemployment are very important categories; At the same time, it has a significant speed and is still a problem that is not accepted in the society and is contrary to the general values that rule the society and is a sign of injustice in the context of the society, and it is known as the two main problems of the present and the future. With all the progress that the world has experienced in recent years, the issue of unemployment is still at the top of the economic and social issues of a large part of the world's countries. This issue has turned into a big crisis that upsets the balance of the society and causes many crises. The existence of the phenomenon of poverty and unemployment shows the necessity of a reform and revision in social policies and programs. The aim of the current research is to "investigate and identify the unemployment rate and its effect on the spread of urban poverty in Birjand city, as well as investigate and identify the relationship between unemployment rate and urban poverty in the neighborhoods of Birjand city". The results of the research indicate that the people of these residents have settled in areas where urban poverty is visible due to unemployment and low financial ability. The current research was conducted in the field of (investigation of the unemployment rate of Birjand city and its effect on urban poverty) with the aim of assumptions and interviews that indicate a direct relationship between poverty and unemployment. The sample population of this interview was between 20 people and 20 questions were conducted. The sample selection for this research was random.

Many of the old neighborhoods of Birjand city are facing many problems and damages, and the neighborhood of Musa bin Jafar (AS) is considered to be one of the neighborhoods that has the highest amount of crimes and injuries, especially addiction, unemployment, theft, issues of families with disabled children, and violent behaviors. have given. According to the statistics obtained from recent decades, we find that the amount of crimes and social damages in this neighborhood has increased under the influence of the bad economic situation and inflation, which has caused insecurity and a significant increase in poverty. This has caused the disintegration of the urban system and the residential system of the city and neighborhood; In other words, the social issues and problems created in this neighborhood are not only limited to the outer space of the neighborhood, but the family system puts pressure on their solidarity relationships, and this causes the young family to be the most vulnerable at this time. The current research, which is of an applied type and its nature is descriptive-analytical, with the method of collecting information in the form of library and internet and survey (questionnaire), deals with the issue of what is the relationship between the personal and social characteristics of the residents of Baft and the physical wear and tear of the neighborhood fabric with the increase in the amount of social damage. Are there any in these areas?

The city of Birjand in the east of the country, due to its location in the land belt and also having the role of a border region, compared to other regions of the country due to its distance from the capital and also the use of resources in these areas and in some cases the use of inappropriate facilities and in contradiction to this issue is high Due to the widespread influx of rural people to the cities for work or life, the population has more marginalized and slum dwellers. This problem can lead to the destruction of the urban appearance, creating social damage and at the same time, it can lead to the morale of the residents and possible damage to the future of the city. In this article, an attempt has been made to find ways out or to deal with this issue or to create appropriate solutions to solve this issue and help urban residents. The study area of this research is three neighborhoods of workers, Jawadieh and Musa bin Jafar in the north and northwest of Birjand city, which are informal settlements and marginal areas. In terms of purpose, the current research is of the type of applied research; In terms of the nature and method of doing it, it is descriptive-analytical and in terms of the method of collecting information, it is using field methods in the form of presence in the neighborhood. The obtained results show that rural-to-urban migrations, the weak financial ability of the residents of the region, along with the inability to organize this situation, have caused the emergence of marginalization and the occurrence of numerous anomalies. So that there are not few of these families who suffer from suffering and deprivation. Their collection has health, recreational facilities, etc. In fact, the margin of opinion makes the city of Birjand unsafe, and if this problem is not organized, it will lead to unsolvable crises.

Problem and goal:

Today, one of the most common public health problems around the world is "domestic violence", which includes the components of child abuse, spousal abuse, and mistreatment of the elderly. Domestic violence has adverse physical and psychological effects on the victimized women, children and society, which sometimes involves the violent person as well. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate the economic, cultural and social factors affecting the increase in family violence in Birjand city.

The current research is a field and applied research. The sampling method was a simple random method and the data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population in this research is all the employees who referred to the provincial health department, and the sample size was considered to be 120 people based on the Karjesi and Morgan table. The correlation coefficient of the two tests was 55, and the correlation coefficients between the subtests of this questionnaire with a total score between 0.72 and 0.87, which indicates its high reliability.

According to the results obtained and the analyzes made from the open, axial and selective coding, it can be said that economic factors have been effective on the domestic violence of women in Birjand city. Also, with the investigations, the results obtained from the present research state that the most important economic factors affecting the increase of domestic violence are: men's income, women's income, women's unemployment, extravagance and waste, ownership of a residential house, consumption and therefore it is suggested that the government should put more support for working men by increasing their salaries in the country's inflationary conditions and strengthening the charitable donations of mosques and charity centers for families whose men do not have sufficient income.

The country of Iran is made up of diverse and different cultures of Baloch, Kurds, Azeri, Fars, Arabs, etc. The residence of Iranian ethnic groups mainly in the border areas and adjacent to their co-speaking country provides a suitable ground for the occurrence of ethnic crises. The Baloch tribe is one of the Iranian tribes that has had extensive challenges with the central government of Iran during the past century, which has led to the emergence and growth of divergent ideas among this ethnic group. The current research with a descriptive-analytical approach and a targeted sampling method based on the statistical community of academic experts familiar with the political and economic issues of the Baloch people and with a practical purpose, has investigated the economic and political factors affecting the divergence of the Baloch people. The results of the research showed that among the political factors, five factors: 1- The type of attitude of the government towards the Baloch ethnic group 2- Geographical (border) location of the Baloch ethnic group 3- The way of political organization of space (unified and centralized government) on the space of Iran 4- Difference The political and religious ideology ruling the country with the Baloch ethnic group 5- The type of political system ruling the country of Iran has had the greatest impact on the divergence of the Baloch people.

Mass conflicts have always been one of the threatening sources of social order and solidarity in rural and nomadic communities. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to identify the challenges of using local trustees in the prevention of collective conflicts (case study of Nehbandan villages). Since the geographical area of this research is focused on the villages of Nehbandan, the population of this research in the qualitative part is Motadaman and Rishsafidan villages of Nehbandan city. Sampling in the qualitative part was done in a judgmental (targeted) manner and the study will continue until theoretical saturation is reached, and in this research saturation was reached with 12 people. The method of conducting the present research is theme analysis from the perspective of the fundamental goal and from the qualitative approach and research strategy. The data collection tool is interview. In this research, in order to analyze the conducted interviews, the method of theme analysis and the methodology of Atrid Stirling (2001) were used in the form of basic and constructive themes. Based on the research results, 42 primary themes and 7 constructive themes (individual, media, knowledge and awareness, institutional and organizational, cultural, communication and legal); It was extracted as the challenges and obstacles of the use of trustees in collective conflicts in the villages of Nehbandan. Also, it was found that the factor of knowledge and awareness has the most key themes among other themes.